Clinical Chemistry

Clinical Chemistry Reagents

PGI/PGII

Pepsinogen (PG) is a precursor of the digestive enzyme pepsin produced by the stomach, produced by the gastric mucosa it is secreted in the gastric juice. PG is immunologically classified into Pepsinogen I (PGI) and PepsinogenⅡ(PGⅡ). PG I is secreted from the gastric fundic gland, while PG II is secreted from the cardiac, pyloric and duodenal glands as well as gastric fundic gland. The amount of PG in serum reflects the active state of the stomach, and by analyzing the values of PG I and PG I/Ⅱratio more is known about the pathophysiology of the gastric mucosa, such as atrophic gastritis. In addition, as atrophy of the gastric mucosa is recognized as preceding gastric cancer lesions, the measurement of PG are increasingly been incorporated into population screening as a screening test for gastric cancer.

Mb

Myoglobin is responsible for the oxygen transport and storage to the heart muscle and skeletal muscle. A large amount of myoglobin is present in the heart muscle that is consuming a particularly enormous energy. Therefore, by the collapse of the muscle cells, myoglobin will rise are released into the blood myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, in myositis, and the like. In particular, in the myocardial infarction prior to the other enzyme (CK, LDH, GOT) to flow out into the blood, it is used in the early diagnosis and follow-up of myocardial infarction.

 INS

Insulin is a peptide hormone with a molecular weight of 5800, which is secreted by the islets of Langerhans beta cells. The detection of blood insulin can determine whether the patients with diabetes are type 1 or type 2, and the blood insulin level is used to diagnose diabetes and master the condition of patients.

Ferr

Serum ferritin reflects the iron amount to be stored of the organization. It helps diagnose such as iron-deficiency anemia or aplastic anemia. In addition, ferritin is released by a malignancy, the hepatitis by the destruction of the cell; it attracts attention as tumor marker.

D-Dimer

Quantitative D-dimer determination aids in detecting the presence and degree of intravascular coagulation and Fibrinolysis (the dissolution of the fibrin in a blood clot) and in monitoring the therapy for disseminated inravascular coagulation (no localized clotting in the blood vessels.) D-dimer is also routinely used for excluding deep venous thrombosis. The blood D-Dimer levels are used for a diagnosis of diabetes, condition of a patient grasp.

 PCT

PCT is a parameter for diagnosing and monitoring bacterial inflammatory disease infections. The determination of PCT can be predicted as: 1) acute parameter to differentiate and diagnose bacterial and non-bacterial infections and inflammation, 2)monitor patients who are at risk of infection (such as immunosuppression after and organ transplantation, and multiple traumas) and patients requiring intensive care to detect systemic effects of bacterial infections or detect septic complications, 3)Evaluate the clinical course and surgery prognosis of severe inflammatory diseases.

 RBP:

Retinol binding protein is a sensitive indicator reflecting the nutritional status of the body, especially protein-heat card malnutrition. Visceral protein is a traditional laboratory indicator of protein-energy malnutrition, and retinol-binding protein RBP can respond faster according to nutritional status. RBP is mainly synthesized in the liver, so the decrease and increase of RBP in serum is related to liver disease, and is affected by the appearance and severity of liver disease. In liver disease, serum RBP levels of cirrhosis and acute and chronic hepatitis are significantly reduced. RBP can be used as an early diagnosis indicator of renal tubular injury. Retinol-binding protein RBP is stable in urine, is not easily broken down, and is not disturbed by pH and blood pressure. When the renal proximal tubule is injured, its urine output increases significantly, so the increase in urine RBP output can be used as a marker of renal proximal tubule injury. When the renal filtration function is reduced, the blood RBP shows an increase in concentration due to storage. The concentration of RBP in blood or urine can be used as an ideal indicator of renal function in clinic.

 BMG

Detection of β2-MG concentration in blood or urine provides early, reliable and reliable clinical diagnosis for clinical renal function determination, renal transplantation survival, diabetic nephropathy, heavy metal cadmium, mercury poisoning, certain malignant tumors, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases Sensitive indicators also provide a basis for identifying the nature of proteinuria, glomerular or renal tubular lesions, and urinary tract infection sites.

Cysc

Cystatin C is as an inhibitor of various cysteine proteases in the bloodstream. In healthy individuals Cystatin C is completely reabsorbed and degraded in the tubules but in subjects with renal disorders its level in blood may be raised as high as 2 to 5 times normal values. Unlike creatinine, Cystatin C is unaffected by inflammatory processes, sex, age, diet, and nutritional status. Numerous studies have shown that serum Cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of GFR.